Efectos del ejercicio físico en la calidad de vida de niñas, niños y adolescentes con autismo | Effects of physical exercise on the quality of life of children and adolescents with autism
Una revisión bibliográfica | A literature review
Resumen
El propósito de este estudio fue realizar una revisión bibliográfica sobre la evidencia científica existente acerca de los efectos de programas de actividad física y/o ejercicio físico en la conducta, el comportamiento, la socialización y la calidad de vida en niños/as y adolescentes con trastorno del espectro autista (TEA). Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en PubMed y se identificaron un total de 12 artículos que cumplían los criterios de inclusión. Los resultados indican que las intervenciones acuáticas (natación), de deportes de contacto (judo), juegos (dinámicas de grupo), danza, deportes colectivos (mini-basket) y actividad física general, parecen fomentar cambios significativamente beneficiosos en la vida de niños/as y adolescentes con TEA, tales como la mejora en la gestión de emociones, la reducción de comportamientos autolesivos, el incremento de la autoestima y la autonomía personal, entre otros. Sin embargo, la ausencia de estudios superiores en duración a veinticuatro semanas, hace complicado conocer la permanencia de estos nuevos hábitos durante su vida, lo que a su vez dificulta la evaluación de si las mejoras en las variables estudiadas representan un salto realmente cualitativo y cuantificable a largo plazo.
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Zhao, M., Chen, S., You, Y., Wang, Y. y Zhang, Y. (2021). Effects of a therapeutic horseback riding program on social interaction and communication in children with autism. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(5), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18052656.
Zhao, M. y Chen, S. (2018). The effects of structured physical activity program on social interaction and communication for children with autism. BioMed Research International, 107, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/1825046.
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