Microagresiones capacitistas hacia personas con discapacidad | Ableist-microaggressions towards people with disabilities
Una revisión sistemática de su impacto y manifestaciones | A systematic review of their impact and manifestations
Resumen
Las microagresiones capacitistas son un fenómeno que irrumpe en la vida de las personas con discapacidad. Implican comentarios y comportamientos sutiles que devalúan y perpetúan la percepción de que la discapacidad es inherentemente negativa. A pesar de su prevalencia e importancia, ha sido poco explorado en la literatura científica. En este trabajo se ha llevado a cabo una revisión sistemática de las microagresiones capacitistas hacia personas con discapacidad, basada en una investigación bibliográfica en diferentes bases de datos, siguiendo la metodología PRISMA. Un total de 41 artículos conformaron la muestra de estudios que cumplían con los criterios de inclusión. Los resultados muestran una estrecha relación entre las microagresiones y el impacto psicológico negativo resultante. La visibilidad de la discapacidad emerge como un factor determinante en la experiencia de las microagresiones, más aún que el tipo de discapacidad. El género también se reconoce como un factor clave, siendo las mujeres con discapacidad especialmente vulnerables a estas formas de discriminación. Estas actitudes capacitistas se manifiestan en diversos ámbitos, lo que resalta la necesidad de concienciar y abordar estos obstáculos estigmatizantes para lograr la plena inclusión de las personas con discapacidad.
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